By Stacy Alaimo. University of Minnesota Press, 2025.
In an era of accelerating extinctions, what does it mean to discover thousands of new species in the deep sea?
As we see the catastrophic effects of the Anthropocene proliferate, advanced technologies also grant us greater access to the furthest reaches of the world’s oceans, facilitating the discovery of countless new species. Sorting through the implications of this strange paradox, Stacy Alaimo explores the influence this newfound intimacy with the deep sea might have on our broader relationship to the nonhuman world. While many images of these abyssal creatures circulate as shallow clickbait, aesthetic representations can be enticing lures for speculating about their lives, profoundly expanding our environmental concern.
The Abyss Stares Back analyzes a diverse range of scientific, literary, and artistic accounts of deep-sea exploration, including work from the naturalist William Beebe and the artist Else Bostelmann as well as results of the Census of Marine Life that began at the turn of the twenty-first century. As she focuses on oft-overlooked creatures of the deep, such as tubeworms, hatchetfish, siphonophores, and cephalopods, which are typically cast as “alien,” Alaimo shows how depictions of the deep seas have been enmeshed in long colonial histories and racist constructions of a threatening abyss.
Drawing on feminist environmentalism, posthumanism, science and technology studies, and Indigenous and non-Western perspectives, Alaimo details how our understanding of science is fundamentally altered by aesthetic encounters with these otherworldly life forms. She argues that, although the deep sea is often thought of as a lifeless void with little connection to human existence, our increasing devastation of this realm underscores our ethical obligation to protect the biodiverse life in the depths. When the abyss stares back, it demands recognition.
Stacy Alaimo is the Moore Professor in English and Core Faculty in Environmental Studies at the University of Oregon. She has published four books, Undomesticated Ground: Recasting Nature as Feminist Space; Bodily Natures: Science, Environment, and the Material Self; Exposed: Environmental Politics and Pleasures in Posthuman Times; and The Abyss Stares Back: Encounters with Deep Sea Life. She has edited two books, Material Feminisms and Matter (in the MacMillan series on Gender), edited a special volume of Configurations on Science Studies and the Blue Humanities and co-edits the Elements series at Duke University Press. Her work has been widely reprinted and translated into at least 13 languages; it has inspired art exhibitions, artworks, architecture, a Portuguese play, and a Greek queer zine. She continues to write about environmental theory, feminist science studies, the blue humanities. She served as Co-President of ASLE with Jeffery Jerome Cohen in 2018-2019.
